2010년 이전

1960s

• Cellular regulation by molecular networks postulated by Jacob and Monod

1970s

• (1970s-1980s)
  Development of molecular cloning techniques

1980s

• (1980s-1990s)
  Rise of 'omics' era of high-throughput biology

1990s

• Widespread use of automated DNA sequencing
• Complete genome sequence of S.cerevisiae
• Complete genome sequence of E.coli

2000

• First synthetic circuits-toggle switch and repressilator
• Autoregulatory negative-feedback circuit

2001

• First cell-cell communication circuit based on quorum sensing

2002

• Earliest combinatorial synthesis of genetic networks
• (2002-2003)
  Synthetic circuits used to study transcriptional noise during this period

2003

• Artemisinin precursor pathway engineered in E. coli

2004

• SB1.0: the first international conference for synthetic biology held at MIT
• First iGEM competition held at MIT
• RNA devices for modular regulation of gene expression

2005

• Light-sensing circuit engineered inE. coli-bacterial photography
• Programmable ligand-controlled transcript regulation by RNA
• Circuits capable of multicellular pattern formation are generated

2006

• Bacteria engineered
  to invade cancer
  cells

2007

• Engineered
  bacteriophage for
  biofilm dispersal

2008

• RNA devices for
  performing logical
  operations
• Construction of
  a robust
  and stable relaxation oscillator
• Biofuel production
  using amino
  acid metabolism
  in E. coli

2009

• Gibson DNA assembly described
• MAGE described
• Engineering of
  an eventcounting circuit
• Engineering of
  an edgedetector circuit

2006 ~ 현재

2010

• Synchronized bacterial oscillators
• Synthetic mycoplasma genome

2011

• Phage-based continuous evolution
• Bacterial growth in stripe patterns

2012

• DNA used for data storage
• Refactored nitrogen fixation cluster
• Whole cell simulation of a mycoplasma

2013

• Biosynthetic production of artemisinin
• Genomically recoded E. coli

2014

• Bacteria that sense and record in the gut Cell-free paper-based sensors and logic
• E. coli engineered with 6 bases of DNA
• Synthesis of a yeast chromosome

2015

• E. coli dependent on synthetic amino acids/li>
• Biosynthesis of opioids from yeast

2016

• In vivo event recorders
• Synthesis of a reduced mycoplasma genome
• Cello CAD for E. coli logic gates

2017

• Synthesis of 5 more yeast chromosomes
• CRlSPR-based rapid diagnostics

2018

• CAR-T cells with logic control
• Yeast with synthetically fused chromosomes
• Self-organizing multicellular structures

2019

• Full synthesis of E. coli genome
• Carbon fixation in engineered E. coli
• Gene circuits with designed proteins
• Synthetic production of cannabinoids